Synthesis and examination of electrolytic sodium-vanadium oxide compounds intended for cathodes of lithium batteries:: The mechanism of formation of electrolytic bronze β-NaxV2O5

To determine the mechanism responsible for the formation of electrolytic sodium-vanadium oxide bronze e-NaxV2O5, synthesized earlier from acid vanadyl sulfate electrolyte, beta -bronze i-NaxV2O5 is synthesized by exposing electrolytic oxide e-V2O5 in the same sodium-containing electrolyte under open-circuit conditions, with a subsequent annealing of the sample. It is established that the two modifications of beta -bronze (e-NaxV2O5 and i-NaxV2O5) are identical and that electrolytic precursors of beta -bronze NaxV2O5 form via an ion-exchange mechanism.