Ensembles of carbon paste microelectrodes

In this paper, the design of the carbon paste and reference microelectrodes and "carbon paste needle -microelectrodes'' (CPNMEs) system is reported (including st 140 mu m diameter carbon paste electrode, a 150 mu m diameter Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a No. 9 syringe needle auxiliary electrode). The results of several types of voltammetric experiments performed at CPNMEs applied in biological samples are also presented. Over the scan rate range 25-2670 mV/s, the sigmoidal response can be observed on CPNMEs. The CPNMEs exhibit a linear dependence of current response on adrenaline concentration in 10(-5) mol/l steps. The characteristics and advantages of CPNMEs, e.g., its small background, ease of modification and the ability of performing sensitive measurements in the absence of added electrolyte, are illustrated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.