Abnormalities of the extracellular degradation of collagen type I in essential hypertension

Background-This study was designed to investigate whether collagen type I degradation is altered in patients with essential hypertension and whether this alteration could be related to disturbances in the serum matrix metalloproteinase pathway of collagen degradation. A second aim of the study was to assess whether some relation exists between serum markers of collagen type I degradation and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Methods and Results-We measured serum concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP) as a marker of extracellular collagen type I degradation, of total matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), or collagenase, of total tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and of MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex in 37 patients with never-treated essential hypertension and in 23 normotensive control subjects. Serum concentrations of free MMP-1 and free TIMP-1 were calculated by subtracting the values of MMP-1/TIMP-1 complex from the values of total MMP-1 and total TIMP-1, respectively. Measurements were repeated in 26 hypertensive patients after 1 year of treatment with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. Baseline free MMP-1 was decreased (P < 0.001) and baseline free TIMP-1 was increased (P < 0.001) in hypertensives compared with normotensives. No significant differences were observed in the baseline values of CITP between the 2 groups of subjects. Hypertensive patients with baseline left ventricular hypertrophy exhibited lower values of free MMP-1 (P < 0.01) and CITP (P < 0.05) and higher (P < 0.001) values of free TIMP-1 than hypertensive patients without baseline left ventricular hypertrophy. Treated patients attained an increase (P < 0.001) in free MMP-1 and a decrease (P < 0.05) in free TIMP-1. In addition, serum CITP was increased (P < 0.05) in treated hypertensives compared with normotensive subjects. Conclusions-These findings suggest that systemic extracellular degradation of collagen type I is depressed in patients with essential hypertension and can be normalized by treatment with lisinopril. A depressed degradation of collagen type I may facilitate organ fibrosis in hypertensive patients, namely, in those with left ventricular hypertrophy.