Influence of an asymmetrical body weight distribution on the control of undisturbed upright stance

Postural asymmetry in humans is generally associated with different pathologies. However, its specific influence on undisturbed upright stance is poorly understood. To evaluate its separate effects on each support, the centre of pressure (CP) displacements were recorded through two force platforms. In a second step, the complex resultant centre of pressure trajectories (CPRes) were computed and decomposed into two elementary components: the horizontal displacements of the centre of gravity (CG(h)) and the difference in the plane of support between the vertical projection of CG(h), and CPRes, (CP-CG(v)) These motions were then processed through a frequency analysis and modelled as fractional Brownian motion to gain some additional insight into their spatio-temporal organisation. Ten healthy adults were tested in three conditions consisting of various weight distributions. The quality of the mechanism involved in the control of the unloaded support CP motions appears to decrease as the asymmetry becomes more pronounced. To be precise, larger increases of the CP displacements are observed for the unloaded support compared to the loaded one. As a result, the CPRes motions are themselves augmented in the ML direction, inducing in turn larger CG(h), and CP-CG(y) motions. Postural asymmetry thus constitutes an important constraint on the control of upright undisturbed stance by generating changes in the control of both supports and by reducing the efficiency of the hip load/unload mechanisms. On the other hand, by inducing larger body sways, postural asymmetry necessitates higher energy expenditure and the setting of particular control mechanisms. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.