Vortices in a trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensate

被引:522
作者
Fetter, AL [1 ]
Svidzinsky, AA [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1088/0953-8984/13/12/201
中图分类号
O469 [凝聚态物理学];
学科分类号
070205 ;
摘要
We review the theory of vortices in trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensates and compare theoretical predictions with existing experiments. Mean-field theory based on the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation describes the main features of the vortex states, and its predictions agree well with available experimental results. We discuss various properties of a single vortex, including its structure, energy, dynamics, normal modes, and stability, as well as vortex arrays. When the nonuniform condensate contains a vortex, the excitation spectrum includes unstable ('anomalous') mode(s) with negative frequency. Trap rotation shifts the normal-mode frequencies and can stabilize the vortex. We consider the effect of thermal quasiparticles on vortex normal modes as well as possible mechanisms for vortex dissipation. Vortex states in mixtures and spinor condensates are also discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:R135 / R194
页数:60
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