Urinary p-cresol is elevated in small children with severe autism spectrum disorder

被引：111

作者：

Altieri, Laura ^{[2
]}

Neri, Cristina ^{[2
,3
]}

Sacco, Roberto ^{[2
]}

Curatolo, Paolo ^{[4
]}

Benvenuto, Arianna ^{[4
]}

Muratori, Filippo ^{[5
,6
]}

Santocchi, Elisa ^{[5
,6
]}

Bravaccio, Carmela ^{[7
]}

Lenti, Carlo ^{[8
]}

Saccani, Monica ^{[8
]}

Rigardetto, Roberto ^{[9
]}

Gandione, Marina ^{[9
]}

Urbani, Andrea ^{[2
,3
]}

Persico, Antonio M. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Campus Biomed, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00128 Rome, Italy

[2] IRCCS Fdn S Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, Rome, Italy

[3] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Internal Med, Rome, Italy

[4] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy

[5] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[6] IRCCS Stella Maris, Dept Child Neurol & Psychiat, Pisa, Italy

[7] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Pediat, Naples, Italy

[8] Univ Milan, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Milan, Italy

[9] Univ Turin, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Turin, Italy

来源：

BIOMARKERS | 2011年 / 16卷 / 03期

关键词：

Clostridium; cotinine; gut flora; organic contaminants; pervasive developmental disorders; FECES; MICROFLORA; CLOSTRIDIA; EXCRETION; DIAGNOSIS; GENETICS; BARRIER; PHENOL; TRACT;

D O I：

10.3109/1354750X.2010.548010

中图分类号：

Q81 [生物工程学（生物技术）]; Q93 [微生物学];

学科分类号：

071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;

摘要：

Several studies have described in autistic patients an overgrowth of unusual gut bacterial strains, able to push the fermentation of tyrosine up to the formation of p-cresol. We compared levels of urinary p-cresol, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, in 59 matched case-control pairs. Urinary p-cresol was significantly elevated in autistic children smaller than 8 years of age (p < 0.01), typically females (p < 0.05), and more severely affected regardless of sex (p < 0.05). Urinary cotinine measurements excluded smoking-related hydrocarbon contaminations as contributors to these differences. Hence, elevated urinary p-cresol may serve as a biomarker of autism liability in small children, especially females and more severely affected males.

引用

页码：252 / 260

页数：9

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