Paradoxes in planning - Tourism elitism or brutalism?

While the rhetorics of environment, sustainability and ethics are prominent in academic discussions on tourism planning, they remained somewhat remote in the case of Eritrea. The debate about, how the poorest countries should proceed with tourism remains polarized and confused. To help analyze this, a continuum is proposed upon which various types of planning advice may be placed. The two poles are represented by "Tourism First" (in which developing the industry is the focus of planning) and "Development First" (where planning is framed by national development needs) The terms of reference which are the key planning guide For tourism consulting firms conducting planning, are identified as being particularly inadequate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.