Structural and vibrational behaviour of fluorapatite with pressure. Part I: in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation

Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction from a diamond anvil cell, the compressibility of a synthetic fluorapatite was determined up to about 7 GPa. The compression pattern was anisotropic, with greater change along a than c. Unit cell parameters varied linearly with beta (a) = 3.32(8) 10(-3) and beta (c) = 2.40(5) 10(-3) GPa(-1) giving a ratio beta (a):beta (c) = 1.38:1. Data fitted with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS yielded a bulk modulus of K-0 = 93(4) GPa with K' = 5.8(1.8). The evolution of the crystal structure of fluorapatite was analysed using data collected at room pressure, at 3.04 and 4.72 GPa. The bulk modulus of phosphate tetrahedron is about three times greater than the bulk modulus of calcium polyhedra. The values were 270(10), 100(4) and 86(3) GPa for P, Cal (nine-coordinated) and Ca2 (seven-coordinated) respectively. While the calcium polyhedra became more regular with pressure, the distortion of the phosphate tetrahedron remained unchanged. The size of the channel extending along the [001] direction represented the most compressible direction. The Ca2-Ca2 distance decreased from 3.982 to 3.897 Angstrom on compression from 0.0001 to 4.72 GPa. The anisotropic compressional pattern may be understood in terms of the greater compressibility of the channel size over the polyhedral units. The reduction of the channel volume was measured by the evolution of the trigonal prism, having the Ca2-Ca2-Ca2 triangle as its base and the c lattice parameter as its height. This prism volume changed from 47.3 Angstrom (3) at room pressure to 44.78 Angstrom (3) at 4.72 GPa. Its relatively high bulk moduli, 86(3) GPa, indicated that the channel did not collapse with pressure and the apatite structure could remain stable at very high pressure.