Miniature laparoscopy - Quo vadis? The basic parameters of image relay and display systems

Background: Endoscopy created a new epoch in gynecology and general surgery. After a decade of learning experiences and expansion of laparoscopic surgery in a variety of areas, the need to further miniaturize the endosurgical approach surfaced. This, however, requires a better knowledge about the tools that surgeons must or wish to employ in minimal access surgery. For miniaturization, the quality of the image on the TV monitor is critical. Methods: We examined two miniature optical systems: the quartz-fiber (2.0-2.2 mm) and the rod-lens (3.3-mm) relay technologies. Results: The smaller quartz telescope image was found to be brighter but lacking in other important features that are important in diagnosis and surgical manipulations. Conclusions: Because the detail, clarity, and the color display affect decision making and the course taken, the brand of telescope has to be selected according to the particular application. By following this guideline, a number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be performed using smaller instruments with the patient under local anesthesia with sedation or under general anesthesia in an outpatient setting.