El Nino variability off Peru during the last 20,000 years -: art. no. PA4003

[1] Here we present a high-resolution marine sediment record from the El Nino region off the coast of Peru spanning the last 20,000 years. Sea surface temperature, photosynthetic pigments, and a lithic proxy for El Nino flood events on the continent are used as paleo - El Nino - Southern Oscillation proxy data. The onset of stronger El Nino activity in Peru started around 17,000 calibrated years before the present, which is later than modeling experiments show but contemporaneous with the Heinrich event 1. Maximum El Nino activity occurred during the early and late Holocene, especially during the second and third millennium B. P. The recurrence period of very strong El Nino events is 60 - 80 years. El Nino events were weak before and during the beginning of the Younger Dryas, during the middle of the Holocene, and during medieval times. The strength of El Nino flood events during the last millennium has positive and negative relationships to global and Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions.