Determination of the electrical behaviour of surfactant treated polymer/carbon black composite gas sensors

The effect of surfactants on the properties of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/carbon black (CB) composite gas sensors was examined. Percolation curves of the composites with and without surfactant were prepared. The percolation curves of surfactant treated composites showed that the resistivity of the composite was increased due to better dispersion of the CB and also the prevention of the CB from reagglomerating after shear mixing. TEM images were used to investigate the effect of adding surfactant to the composites. These images confirmed that the surfactants significantly improved the level of dispersion of CB in the composites and prevented reagglomeration of the CB. The response (Delta R/R%) was increased by addition of surfactants and implies that increased dispersion increases response to methanol vapour. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.