Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the cardioprotecting flavonoid 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside in mice

Purpose: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of monoHER, a promising protector against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, were determined after different routes of administration. Methods: Mice were treated with 500 mg.kg(-1) monoHER intraperitoneally (i.p.), subcutaneously (s.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) or with 1000 mg.kg(-1) orally. Heart tissue and plasma were collected 24 h after administration. In addition liver and kidney tissues were collected after s.c. administration. The levels of monoHER were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Results: After i.v. administration the AUC(0-120 min) values of monoHER in plasma and heart tissue were 20.5+/-5.3 mumol.min.ml(-1) and 4.9+/-1.3 mumol.min.g(-1) wet tissue, respectively. After i.p. administration, a mean peak plasma concentration of about 130 muM monoHER was maintained from 5 to 15 min after administration. The AUC(0-120 min) values of monoHER were 6.1+/-1.1 mumol.min.ml(-1) and 1.6+/-0.4 mumol.min.g(-1) wet tissue in plasma and heart tissue, respectively. After s.c. administration, monoHER levels in plasma reached a maximum (about 230 muM) between 10 and 20 min after administration. The AUC(0-120 min) values of monoHER in plasma, heart, liver and kidney tissues were 8.0+/-0.6 mumol.min.ml(-1), 2.0+/-0.1, 22.4+/-2.0 and 20.5+/-5.7 mumol.min.g(-1), respectively. The i.p. and s.c. bioavailabilities were about 30% and 40%, respectively. After oral administration, monoHER could not be detected in plasma, indicating that monoHER had a very poor oral bioavailability. Conclusions: MonoHER was amply taken up by the drug elimination organs liver and kidney and less by the target organ heart. Under cardioprotective conditions (500 mg/kg, i.p.), the C-max was 131 muM and the AUC(infinity) was 6.3 muM.min. These values will be considered endpoints for the clinical phase I study of monoHER.