Drug-induced nightmares

被引:72
作者
Thompson, DF [1 ]
Pierce, DR [1 ]
机构
[1] SW Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA
关键词
adverse reactions; sedative/hypnotics; beta-blockers; amphetamines;
D O I
10.1345/aph.18150
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
OBJECTIVE: TO compile and assess the English-language literature on drug-induced nightmares, excluding nightmares secondary to drug withdrawal or drug-associated night terrors. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, letters, case reports, and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (1966-May 1998) searches using the search term nightmares, chemically induced. Additional articles were obtained from bibliographies of retrieved articles. DATA EXTRACTION: All case reports of drug-induced nightmares were evaluated using the Naranjo algorithm for causality. Clinical studies of drugs that reported nightmares as an adverse effect were assessed for frequency of occurrence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nightmares, defined as nocturnal episodes of intense anxiety and fear associated with a vivid, emotionally charged dream experience, are generally classified as a parasomnia. Possible pharmacologic mechanisms for drug-induced nightmares, such as REM suppression and dopamine receptor stimulation, are reviewed. However, the vast majority of therapeutic agents implicated in causing nightmares have no obvious pharmacologic mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing causality with an event such as a nightmare is difficult because of the high incidence of nightmares in the healthy population. Using qualitative, quantitative, and possible pharmacologic mechanism criteria, it appears that sedative/hypnotics, beta-blockers, and amphetamines are the therapeutic modalities most frequently associated with nightmares. These drug classes have a plausible pharmacologic mechanism to explain this effect. Dopamine agonists also have evidence of causality, with dopamine receptor stimulation as a possible pharmacologic mechanism.
引用
收藏
页码:93 / 98
页数:6
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