IARC Monographs: 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans

被引：85

作者：

Pearce, Neil ^{[1
]}

Blair, Aaron ^{[2
]}

Vineis, Paolo ^{[3
]}

Ahrens, Wolfgang ^{[4
]}

Andersen, Aage ^{[5
]}

Anto, Josep M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Armstrong, Bruce K. ^{[8
,9
]}

Baccarelli, Andrea A. ^{[10
,11
]}

Beland, Frederick A. ^{[12
]}

Berrington, Amy ^{[2
]}

Bertazzi, Pier Alberto ^{[13
,14
]}

Birnbaum, Linda S. ^{[15
]}

Brownson, Ross C. ^{[16
,17
]}

Bucher, John R. ^{[18
]}

Cantor, Kenneth P. ^{[19
]}

Cardis, Elisabeth ^{[20
,21
]}

Cherrie, John W. ^{[22
]}

Christiani, David C. ^{[10
,11
]}

Cocco, Pierluigi ^{[23
]}

Coggon, David ^{[24
]}

Comba, Pietro ^{[25
]}

Demers, Paul A. ^{[26
]}

Dement, John M. ^{[27
]}

Douwes, Jeroen ^{[28
]}

Eisen, Ellen A. ^{[29
,30
]}

Engel, Lawrence S. ^{[31
]}

Fenske, Richard A. ^{[32
]}

Fleming, Lora E. ^{[33
]}

Fletcher, Tony

Fontham, Elizabeth ^{[34
]}

Forastiere, Francesco ^{[35
]}

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer ^{[36
]}

Fritschi, Lin ^{[37
]}

Gerin, Michel ^{[38
]}

Goldberg, Marcel ^{[39
]}

Grandjean, Philippe ^{[40
]}

Grimsrud, Tom K. ^{[5
]}

Gustavsson, Per

Haines, Andy

Hartge, Patricia ^{[2
]}

Hansen, Johnni ^{[41
]}

Hauptmann, Michael ^{[42
]}

Heederik, Dick ^{[43
]}

Hemminki, Kari ^{[44
]}

Hemon, Denis ^{[45
]}

Hertz-Picciotto, Irva ^{[46
]}

Hoppin, Jane A. ^{[47
]}

Huff, James ^{[48
]}

Jarvholm, Bengt ^{[49
]}

Kang, Daehee ^{[50
]}

机构：

[1] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Med Stat, London WC1E 7HT, England

[2] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England

[4] Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, Germany

[5] Canc Registry Norway, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway

[6] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, IMIM Hosp Mar Med Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain

[7] CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain

[8] Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

[9] Sax Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[10] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA

[11] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA

[12] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA

[13] Univ Milan, Dept Clin Sci & Community Hlth, Milan, Italy

[14] IRCCS Fdn Ca Granda, Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy

[15] NCI, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA

[16] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, St Louis, MO USA

[17] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO USA

[18] NIEHS, Div Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA

[19] KP Cantor Environm LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA

[20] CREAL, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain

[21] CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain

[22] Inst Occupat Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

[23] Univ Cagliari Monserrato, Dept Publ Hlth Clin & Mol Med, Cagliari, Italy

[24] Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England

[25] Charles Darwin Sapienza Rome Univ, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Rome, Italy

[26] Canc Care Ontario, Occupat Canc Res Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada

[27] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Durham, NC USA

[28] Massey Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Wellington, New Zealand

[29] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[30] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[31] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA

[32] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[33] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro, Cornwall, England

[34] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA

[35] Lazio Reg Hlth Serv, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy

[36] Univ Bremen, Ctr Environm Res & Sustainable Technol UFT, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

[37] Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

[38] Univ Montreal, Ecole Sante Publ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada

[39] INSERM, UMS 011, Populat Based Epidemiol Cohorts Unit, Villejuif, France

[40] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Environm Med, Odense, Denmark

[41] Danish Canc Soc, Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark

[42] Netherlands Canc Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[43] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Div Environm Epidemiol, Utrecht, Netherlands

[44] German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany

[45] Paris Descartes Univ, Epidemiol & Biostat Sorbonne Paris Cite Ctr CRESS, Epidemiol Childhood & Adolescent Canc Res Grp EPI, INSERM,UMR 1153, F-75015 Paris, France

[46] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[47] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[48] NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA

[49] Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden

[50] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES | 2015年 / 123卷 / 06期

关键词：

PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING SCIENCE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ENTERPRISE; CANCER-EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLEA; POLICY; FALSE; ADHERENCE; PROGRAM; RECIPE;

D O I：

10.1289/ehp.1409149

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

BACKGROUND: Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans. OBJECTIVES: The authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed. DISCUSSION: We concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed. CONCLUSIONS: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.

引用

页码：507 / 514

页数：8

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