The use of phenobarbital and other anti-seizure drugs in newborns

被引：77

作者：

El-Dib, Mohamed ^{[1
]}

Soul, Janet S. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pediat Newborn Med, Neonatal Neurocrit Care, Boston, MA USA

[2] Harvard Med Sch, Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Fetal Neonatal Neurol Program, Boston, MA USA

来源：

SEMINARS IN FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE | 2017年 / 22卷 / 05期

关键词：

Anticonvulsants; Neonatal seizures; EEG; Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; NEONATAL SEIZURES; THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA; BRAIN-INJURY; INTRAVENOUS LEVETIRACETAM; ANTICONVULSANT TREATMENT; PHENYTOIN ELIMINATION; ASPHYXIATED NEWBORNS; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.siny.2017.07.008

中图分类号：

R72 [儿科学];

学科分类号：

100202 [儿科学];

摘要：

Neonatal seizures constitute the most frequent presenting neurologic sign encountered in the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite limited efficacy and safety data, phenobarbital continues to be used near universally as the first-line anti-seizure drug (ASD) in neonates. The choice of second-line ASDs varies by provider and institution, and is still not supported by sufficient scientific evidence. In this review, we discuss the available evidence supporting the efficacy, mechanism of action, potential adverse effects, key pharmacokinetic characteristics such as interaction with therapeutic hypothermia, logistical issues, and rationale for use of neonatal ASDs. We describe the widely used neonatal ASDs, namely phenobarbital, phenytoin, midazolam, and levetiracetam, in addition to potential ASD5, including lidocaine, topiramate, and bumetanide. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

引用

页码：321 / 327

页数：7

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