Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients

We recently reported an increased incidence of cirrhosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients. Here, we describe our experience in the treatment of these patients, which has been, to date, poorly reported in the literature. Among 99 HCV-infected HCT recipients, 36 had HCV-related liver lesions on biopsy requiring therapy. Owing to HCV treatment contraindications, only 61% of patients (22/36) could be treated. In all, 12 patients received more than one course of anti-HCV treatment if they had HCV RNA still detectable after the first course of treatment and no treatment contraindications. Combined therapy (pegylated interferon (IFN): n = 9, or standard IFN: n = 9, in combination with ribavirin) led to sustained virological response in 4/18 (20%) patients as compared to 2/20 (10%) in patients who received IFN alone. Hematological toxicity was more frequent with combined therapy. While anemia responded to erythropoietin and/ or dose modification, thrombocytopenia usually led to treatment interruption (n = 3). This study thus highlights the efficacy of combined therapy and emphasizes the fact that the undue safety concerns are not a problem when treating this particular population.