Detection of viruses and body fluids which may contain viruses in the domestic environment

被引:23
作者
Bellamy, K [1 ]
Laban, KL [1 ]
Barrett, KE [1 ]
Talbot, DCS [1 ]
机构
[1] Unilever Res Colworth, Biorecognit Unit, Sharnbrook MR44 1LQ, Beds, England
关键词
D O I
10.1017/S0950268898001678
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
The domestic environment was investigated for the presence of viruses and body fluids that may contain viruses. A range of surfaces in 39 homes (17 visited on 2 occasions) were sampled by swabbing and analysed using cell culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for enteroviral RNA, haemoglobin as a marker for blood, amylase as an indicator of urine, saliva and sweat, and protein as an indicator of general hygiene. Haemoglobin was found on 1.9 % of surfaces sampled and of the positive samples 30% were from articles frequently handled. Amylase (> 5 U/1) was found in 29.3 % of samples tested. Protein was found in 97.8 % of samples tested. Enteroviral RNA, indicating the presence of virus, was detected in 3 out of 448 samples tested; they were from a tap handle, telephone handpiece and a toilet bowl. No viruses were isolated in cell culture, however significant problems were encountered with bacterial and fungal contamination. This work demonstrates that only testing environmental samples for bacteria and ATP may not give a total view of the microbiological problem in the home. A range of test methods is useful to gain a broad view of the problems of hygiene in the home and to allow comparative studies of specific areas such as the kitchen and bathroom.
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页码:673 / 680
页数:8
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