The transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and Ets-1 colocalize in the hypoxic synovium of inflamed joints in adjuvant-induced arthritis

Objective. To determine the relationship between hypoxia and the expression of Ets-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in both normal and inflamed joints. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was used as the model system, since it mirrors many aspects of the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in a group of 10 female Lewis rats. A second group of 10 uninjected female Lewis rats served as naive controls. When a maximum clinical joint score was achieved in the AIA group, all 20 rats were injected with the specific hypoxic cell marker Hypoxyprobe-1 and subsequently killed. Hypoxyprobe-1 adducts, Ets-1, and HIF-1alpha were localized in the joints of the hind feet from these groups using immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with the joints from control rats, inflamed joints contained markedly more cells with Hypoxyprobe-1 adduct immunoreactivity, Ets-1-immunoreactive nuclei, and nuclear immunoreactivity for both Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate the presence of hypoxia in inflamed joints in this experimental model of arthritis. The colocalization of Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha in these hypoxic areas suggests that hypoxiamay induce Ets-1 and HIF-1alpha expression during joint inflammation.