The role of self-construal as an intervening variable between culture and leisure constraints: A comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese university students

Building upon Walker, Jackson, and Deng's (2007) article on culture and constraints, this study explores how the self-construals of Canadian university students in Canada and Chinese students in Mainland China influence their perception of how intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints affect starting a new leisure activity. English and simplified Chinese language questionnaires, distributed onsite, resulted in useable data from 227 Canadian and 216 Mainland Chinese participants. Statistical analyses suggested that Canadian and Chinese students had different types of self-construal and, consequently, were constrained differently.