In Situ Studies of Chemistry and Structure of Materials in Reactive Environments

被引:323
作者
Tao, Franklin [1 ]
Salmeron, Miquel [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; CATALYST; OXYGEN; MICROSCOPY; NANOSCALE; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES;
D O I
10.1126/science.1197461
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Most materials and devices typically operate under specific environmental conditions, many of them highly reactive. Heterogeneous catalysts, for example, work under high pressure of reactants or in acidic solutions. The relationship between surface structure and composition of materials during operation and their chemical properties needs to be established in order to understand the mechanisms at work and to enable the design of new and better materials. Although studies of the structure, composition, chemical state, and phase transformation under working conditions are challenging, progress has been made in recent years in the development of new techniques that operate under a variety of realistic environments. With them, new chemistry and new structures of materials that are only present under reaction conditions have been uncovered.
引用
收藏
页码:171 / 174
页数:4
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