Macroporous morphology of the titania films prepared by a sol-gel dip-coating method from the system containing poly(ethylene glycol). II. Effect of solution composition

The influences of water and alkoxide concentrations, as well as the relative humidity upon the macroporous morphology of the titania (TiO2) films have been studied for a sol-gel dip-coating system containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The distribution of resultant morphology against the withdrawal speed and relative humidity is varied significantly by mainly modifying the polycondensation and phase separation processes during the dipping operation, even by the small change in starting composition of the dipping solution.