Definition, classification, and pathophysiology of acute coronary ischemic syndromes

This article reviews the definition of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and describes the pathophysiology of the various components of ACS. In order for the emergency medicine physician to effectively diagnose and manage the patient who presents to the emergency department with chest pain, he or she must think of ACS as a disease continuum. Where the patient lies on the continuum is based on the severity of the findings and symptoms. The physician should understand that based on the underlying pathophysiology and prognosis, appropriate treatment varies.