Effects of bystander first aid, defibrillation and advanced life support on neurologic outcome and hospital costs in patients after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest

Objective: To evaluate the effects of basic life support, time to first defibrillation and emergency medical service arrival time on neurologic outcome and expenses for hospital care in patients after cardiac arrest. Setting: Large urban emergency medical services system and emergency department in a 2000-bed university hospital. Design: Outcome and cost benefit analysis of patients admitted to the hospital after witnessed, out-of-hospital, ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest from October 1, 1991, until December 31, 1997. Patients: Out of 1245 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 276 were eligible. Measurements and results: The effects of basic and advanced life support measures on neurologic outcome and hospital expenses were evaluated. In contrast to intubation (odds ratio 1.08; 95 % CI: 0.51-2.31; p = 0.84), basic life support (odds ratio 0.44; 95 % CI: 0.24-0.77; p = 0.004) and time to first defibrillation (odds ratio 1.08; 95 % CI: 1.03-1.13; p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with good neurologic outcome. Among the patients who did not receive basic life support, the average cost per patient with good neurologic outcome significantly increased with the delay of the first defibrillation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In contrast to intubation, bystander basic life support and time to first defibrillation were significantly associated with good neurologic outcome and resulted in fewer expenses spent on in-hospital efforts.