Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous

被引:171
作者
Friis, EM
Pedersen, KR
Crane, PR
机构
[1] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobot, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Aarhus Univ, Dept Geol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
[3] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England
关键词
D O I
10.1038/35066557
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Phylogenetic analyses have identified the water lilies (Nymphaeales: Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae), together with four other small groups of flowering plants (the 'ANITA clades': Amborellaceae, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, Austrobaileyaceae), as the first diverging lineages from the main branch of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree(1-4), but evidence of these groups in the earliest phases of the angiosperm fossil record has remained elusive. Here we report the earliest unequivocal evidence, based on fossil floral structures and associated pollen, of fossil plants related to members of the ANITA clades. This extends the history of the water lilies (Nymphaeales) back to the Early Cretaceous (125-115 million years) and into the oldest fossil assemblages that contain unequivocal angiosperm stamens and carpels. This discovery adds to the growing congruence between results from molecular-based analyses of relationships among angiosperms and the palaeobotanical record. It is also consistent with previous observations that the flowers of early angiosperms were generally very small(5) compared with those of their living relatives.
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页码:357 / 360
页数:5
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