Relationship between abundance of N-2-fixing cyanobacteria and environmental features of Spanish rice fields

In order to estimate the potential utilization of N-2-fixing (heterocystous) cyanobacteria as natural biofertilizers in the Valencian rice fields (Spain), the distribution and seasonal variation of these microorganisms in water and sediment samples were evaluated, and the relationships among cyanobacterial abundance and physical and chemical characteristics of soil and water were investigated. N-2-fixing cyanobacteria were present in all the samples analyzed (25 sampling points sampled three times per year during two years). The relative cyanobacterial abundance in soil and water followed contrasting patterns, maximum presence in soil coincided with minimum abundance in water. Correlation analysis showed that cyanobacterial abundance in the two phases (water and sediment) was influenced more by water than by soil properties. Salinity, mineralization variables, and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) correlated positively with heterocystous cyanobacteria presence. Furthermore, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and the ratio DIN:SRP correlated negatively with cyanobacterial abundance. However DIN:SRP ratio better described the cyanobacterial distribution, with a threshold effect: below the Redfield ratio value (7.2 in mass units) cyanobacterial abundance was clearly higher.