Postdural puncture headache after spinal anaesthesia in young orthopaedic outpatients using 27-g needles

Purpose: Two large studies reported a very low rate (0.5- 1.8%) of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) with the use of 27-G spinal needles. We suspected that it might be higher in young ambulatory patients. The purpose of this study was to establish the rate prospectively in such a patient population using two types of needles. Methods: Two hundred male and female, outpatients, 18-45 yr, undergoing knee arthroscopy under spinal anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric lidocaine 5% using either a Quincke or a Whitacre 27-G needle. Twenty patients choosing general anaesthesia formed a comparative group. Using a previously validated questionnaire, the incidence and nature of PDPH were evaluated by telephone three to five days after surgery by an anaesthetist unaware of the anaesthetic technique used. Once all data were collected, an anaesthetist not involved in the study determined in a blinded fashion which headaches were likely to be PDPH. Grading and classification of headaches were based on several criteria: postural nature, duration, intensity and confinement to bed. Results: The overall incidence of PDPH in both spinal groups was 9.3%. The incidence in women, 20.4%, was higher than in men, 5.5%, (P < 0.05). Only one patient required a blood patch. Both types of needle were comparable with respect to the incidence, severity and duration of PDPH, number of dural punctures and failed spinal blocks. Conclusion: The rate of PDPH was higher than in large published studies with 27-G Quincke and Whitacre needles and greater in women than in men.