A real-time computer vision system for vehicle tracking and traffic surveillance

Increasing congestion on freeways and problems associated with existing detectors have spawned an interest in new Vehicle detection technologies such as video image processing. Existing commercial image processing systems work well in free-flowing traffic, but the systems have difficulties with congestion, shadows and lighting transitions. These problems stem from vehicles partially occluding one another and the fact that vehicles appear differently under various lighting conditions. We are developing a feature-based tracking system for detecting vehicles under these challenging conditions. Instead pf tracking entire vehicles, vehicle features are tracked to make the system robust to partial occlusion. The system is fully functional under changing lighting conditions:because the most salient features at the given moment are tracked. After the features exit the tracking region, they are grouped into discrete vehicles using a common motion constraint. The groups represent individual vehicle trajectories which can be used to measure traditional traffic parameters as well as new metrics suitable for improved automated surveillance. This paper describes the issues associated with feature based tracking, presents the real-time implementation of a prototype system, and the performance of the system on a large data set. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.