Zinc intake of US preschool children exceeds new dietary reference intakes

被引:66
作者
Arsenault, JE [1 ]
Brown, KH [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA
关键词
zinc; copper; phytate; dietary intake; preschool children; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals; CSFII; dietary reference intakes; DRIs;
D O I
10.1093/ajcn/78.5.1011
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Background: The recent dietary reference intakes publication provides updated information on the physiologic and dietary requirements for zinc and proposes new tolerable upper intake levels. Objective: We analyzed dietary intake data of US preschool children to determine the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes of zinc. Design: Diets of 7474 nonbreastfeeding preschool children in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994-1996 and 1998) were analyzed for the intakes of zinc and other dietary components, and factors associated with zinc intake were examined. Results: The mean intakes of zinc by children aged < 1 y, 1-3 y, and 4-5 were 6.6, 7.6, and 9.1 mg/d, respectively. Less than 1% of children had usual zinc intakes below the adequate intake or estimated average requirement. The percentages of children with intakes exceeding the tolerable upper intake level were 92% (0-6 mo), 86% (7-12 mo), 51% (1-3 y), and 3% (4-5 y). Controlling for age and energy intake, zinc intake was greater in 1998 than in 1994 (P < 0.0001) and was positively associated with participation in the Women, Infants, and Children Program (P < 0.001) and with the lowest income category (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Preschool children in the United States have dietary zinc intakes that exceed the new dietary reference intakes. Zinc intakes increased during the 4 y of the study. The present level of intake does not seem to pose a health problem, but if zinc intake continues to increase because of the greater availability of zinc-fortified foods in the US food supply, the amount of zinc consumed by children may become excessive.
引用
收藏
页码:1011 / 1017
页数:7
相关论文
共 17 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 2001, DIET REF INT VIT A V
[2]   Fortification contributed greatly to vitamin and mineral intakes in the United States, 1989-1991 [J].
Berner, LA ;
Clydesdale, FM ;
Douglass, JS .
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 2001, 131 (08) :2177-2183
[3]   Zinc intake of the US population: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 [J].
Briefel, RR ;
Bialostosky, K ;
Kennedy-Stephenson, J ;
McDowell, MA ;
Ervin, RB ;
Wright, JD .
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 2000, 130 (05) :1367S-1373S
[4]   EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF ZINC IMPAIRS IMMUNE-RESPONSES [J].
CHANDRA, RK .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1984, 252 (11) :1443-1446
[5]  
FISHER KD, 1985, AM J CLIN NUTR, V42, P1318
[6]   ZINC LOWERS HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS [J].
HOOPER, PL ;
VISCONTI, L ;
GARRY, PJ ;
JOHNSON, GE .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1980, 244 (17) :1960-1961
[7]  
*I MED FOOD NUTR B, 2001, DIET REF INT APPL DI
[8]  
Kramer-Leblanc C.S., 1999, Review of the nutritional status of WIC participants
[9]  
OBERLEAS D, 1981, J AM DIET ASSOC, V79, P433
[10]   Food stamps are associated with food security and dietary intake of inner-city preschoolers from Hartford, Connecticut [J].
Pérez-Escamilla, R ;
Ferris, AM ;
Drake, L ;
Haldeman, L ;
Peranick, J ;
Campbell, M ;
Peng, YK ;
Burke, G ;
Bernstein, B .
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 2000, 130 (11) :2711-2717