Use of multiple reference electrodes in electrochemical noise measurements

To simplify the measurement of electrochemical noise infield applications, three identical electrodes, one acting as a reference electrode (RE), are often used. However, the intrinsic noise of the RE introduces errors in the noise resistance values computed in this way. In this work, a measurement scheme is proposed, which can reduce the error caused by the RE's noise. The scheme uses two REs and is based on the properties of the cross-power spectrum. Two examples of its use, representing typical cases in electrochemical noise measurements with uniform and localized corrosion, are also presented.