Aortic stiffness in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Aim - Recently, the close relationship between aortic stiffness and cardiovascular mortality has aroused the interest of investigators in carrying out studies related to aortic stiffness. This study aims to investigate the aortic stiffness parameters in patients with cardiac syndrome X, a disorder that is believed to be a generalized disturbance of the vasodilator function of small arteries. Material and methods - 18 patients with typical chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries associated with a positive exercise test were included in the study. The control group consisted of 27 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and no ischaemia on exercise testing. Antianginal medication was withheld 4 weeks before the study and transthoracic echocardiography was performed using a Hewlett-Packard Sonos 1500 instrument with a 2.5 MHz phased array transducer. Ascending aorta diameters were measured on the M-mode tracing at a level 3 cm above the aortic valve. Diameter change, pulse pressure, aortic strain and distensibility were measured as aortic stiffness parameters. Results -The aortic diameter change was less in the syndrome X group than in the control group (0.15+/-0.04 cm/m(2) vs. 0.28+/-0.12 cm/m(2), p<0.001). Likewise, aortic strain (9+/-3% vs. 18+/-8%, p<0.001) and distensibility (4.01+/-1.71 cm(2).dyn(-1).10(-3) vs. 9.95+/-5.08 cm(2).dyn(-1).10(-3), p<0.001) was significantly lower in the syndrome X group than in the control group. Conclusion -The deterioration in aortic elasticity properties in patients with cardiac syndrome X suggests that this disease may be a more generalized disturbance of the vasculature.