Effects of aerosolized adenosine 5′-triphosphate vs adenosine 5′-monophosphate on dyspnea and airway caliber in healthy nonsmokers and patients with asthma

Study objectives: Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) causes neurogenic bronchocon- striction, inflammation, and coughs, and may play a mechanistic role in obstructive airway diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of inhaled ATP on airway function, and to compare these effects with those of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). Design; Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Setting: Clinical research laboratory of a postgraduate teaching hospital. Methods: The effects of inhaled equimolar doses of ATP and AMP on airway caliber, perception of dyspnea quantified by the Borg score, and other symptoms were determined in 10 nonsmokers (age 41 +/- 3 years) and 10 patients with astlima (age 39 +/- 3),cars) [+/- SEM]. Results: None of the healthy nonsmokers responded to ATP or AMP. All the patients with asthma responded to ATP, and 90% responded to AMP. The geometric mean of the provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) of ATP was 48.7 mu mol/mL and that of PD20 AMT was 113.5 mu mol/mL in responsive asthmatics (p < 0.05). In asthmatic patients, the percentage change in FEV1 caused by ATP was greater than that caused by AMP (Delta FEV1 ATP = 29% vs Delta FEV1 AMP = 22%, p < 0.05). Borg score increased significantly in asthmatics after ATP (from 0.1 to 3.3, p < 0.01) and after AMP (from 0.2 to 2.5, p < 0.01). This increase was also greater after ATP than AMP in asthma (Delta Borg ATP = 3.2 vs Delta Borg AMP = 2.3, p < 0.05). ATP induced cough in 16 subjects (80%), while AMP induced cough in 8 subjects (40%) [p < 0.05]; in addition, more subjects had throat irritation after inhalation of ATP than AMP (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ATP is a more potent bronchoconstrictor and has greater effects on dyspnea and other symptoms than AMP in asthmatic patients. Therefore, ATP could potentially, be used as a bronchoprovocator in the clinical setting.