Associations Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Periodontal Pocketing and Gingival Bleeding: Results of a Study in a Non-Smoking Population in Finland

Background: Apart from the effects of vitamin D on bone metabolism, it is also known for its immunomodulatory properties. However, so far, it is not clear whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] exerts any beneficial effect on the periodontium. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the serum level of 25(OH) D is related to periodontal condition, measured by means of pocketing and gingival bleeding. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on a nonsmoking subpopulation without diabetes of the Finnish Health 2000 Survey (N = 1,262). Periodontal condition was measured as the number of teeth with deep (>= 4 mm) periodontal pockets and the number of bleeding sextants per individual. Serum 25(OH) D level was determined by means of a standard laboratory measurement. Prevalence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models. Results: There were practically no associations between serum 25(OH) D level and teeth with deep (>= 4 mm) periodontal pockets or bleeding sextants. A somewhat lower proportion of teeth with deep periodontal pockets was found in higher serum 25(OH)D quintiles among individuals with a good oral hygiene level. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D did not seem to be related to periodontal condition, measured as periodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding in this low-risk, low-25(OH)D status population.