Vascular events during follow-up in patients with aortic arch atherosclerosis

Background and Purpose An association between aortic arch atherosclerosis and vascular events has been demonstrated. However, few data exist regarding follow-up evaluation of this disease. Methods In this study, 183 patients with the diagnosis of aortic arch atherosclerosis were prospectively followed up. This diagnosis was made during an echocardiographic cross-sectional study. In 136 patients, raised plaques with thickness <5 mm had been shown to exist, and in 47 patients complex plaques with thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm or plaques with mobile components had been demonstrated on the initial transesophageal echocardiography. Results During a mean follow-up period of 16+/-7 months, vascular events with a presumed embolic origin occurred in 15 patients. The incidence was 4.1 per 100 person-years in patients with raised plaques compared with 13.7 per 100 person-years in the group with complex plaques. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significantly higher rate of vascular events in patients who were found to have complex plaques (P<.01). In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, the finding of complex plaques (relative risk [RR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 12.0; P=.006), coronary artery disease (RR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 13.1; P=.02), and a history of previous embolism (RR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 14.4; P=.03) were independent predictors of vascular events. Conclusions Patients with the finding of protruding plaques or plaques with mobile components have a high risk of subsequent vascular events.