Recent Advances in Characterizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review

被引:251
作者
Wright, Emily K. [1 ,2 ]
Kamm, Michael A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Teo, Shu Mei [2 ]
Inouye, Michael [2 ]
Wagner, Josef [4 ]
Kirkwood, Carl D. [4 ]
机构
[1] St Vincents Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Melbourne, Vic 3065, Australia
[2] Univ Melbourne, Dept Pathol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia
[3] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England
[4] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Enter Virus Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
关键词
Crohn's disease; microbiota; microbiome; dysbiosis; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA; FECAL MICROBIOTA; GUT MICROBIOTA; FAECALIBACTERIUM-PRAUSNITZII; INTESTINAL MICROBIOME; BACTERIAL MICROFLORA; RELEVANT DYSBIOSIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PATIENTS EXHIBIT;
D O I
10.1097/MIB.0000000000000382
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
100201 [内科学];
摘要
Background:The intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. A reduction in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota as well as specific taxonomic and functional shifts have been reported in Crohn's disease and may play a central role in the inflammatory process. The aim was to systematically review recent developments in the structural and functional changes observed in the gastrointestinal microbiome in patients with Crohn's Disease.Results:Seventy-two abstracts were included in this review. The effects of host genetics, disease phenotype, and inflammatory bowel disease treatment on the gastrointestinal microbiome in Crohn's disease were reviewed, and taxonomic shifts in patients with early and established disease were described. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes is increased and Firmicutes decreased in Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls. Enterobacteriaceae, specifically Eschericia coli, is enriched in Crohn's disease. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is found at lower abundance in Crohn's disease and in those with postoperative recurrence. Observed functional changes include major shifts in oxidative stress pathways, a decrease in butanoate and propanoate metabolism gene expression, lower levels of butyrate, and other short-chain fatty acids, decreased carbohydrate metabolism, and decreased amino acid biosynthesis.Conclusions:Changes in microbial composition and function have been described, although a causative role remains to be established. Larger, prospective, and longitudinal studies are required with deep interrogation of the microbiome if causality is to be determined, and refined microbial manipulation is to emerge as a focused therapy.
引用
收藏
页码:1219 / 1228
页数:10
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