Endogenous urocortins reduce vascular tone and renin-aldosterone/endothelin activity in experimental heart failure

Aims To investigate the role of the endogenous urocortin peptides in heart failure (HF) through blockade of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF-R2). Methods and Results Eight sheep were administered the CRF-R2 antagonist CRF(9-41) (1.5 mg bolus) before (Normal) and after development of pacing-induced HF. Compared with controls, CRF(9-41) in HF significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) (71 +/- 2 vs. 75 +/- 2 mmHg, P=0.0024) and calculated total peripheral resistance (CTPR) (33.3 +/- 5.2 vs. 39.4 +/- 5.9 mmHg/L/min, P=0.0455). Similar trends were observed in the Normal state (MAP 87 +/- 1 vs. 89 +/- 2 mmHg, P=0.0689; CTPR 21.9 +/- 2.0 vs. 24.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg/L/min, P=0.0731). Left atrial pressure was elevated similarly in both states (Normal P=0.0013; HF P=0.0298), whereas cardiac output tended to be reduced (Normal P=0.0614). CRF(9-41) increased plasma urocortin-I (Normal 10.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 19.8 +/- 1.3 pmol/L, P < 0.001; HF 14.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 25.3 +/- 0.8 pmol/L, P < 0.001), renin (Normal 0.34 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.02 nmol/L/hr, P=0.013; HF 1.14 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.57 +/- 0.36 nmol/L/hr, P=0.0326), aldosterone (Normal 370 +/- 62 vs. 563 +/- 99 pmol/L, P=0.0813; HF 662 +/- 141 vs. 1024 +/- 209 pmol/L, P=0.095), and endothelin-1 (HF 3.18 +/- 0.18 vs. 4.74 +/- 1.04 pmol/L, P=0.0087). MAP, CTPR, renin, and endothelin-1 responses to CRF-R2 antagonism were significantly greater in HF than in the Normal state (P=0.049, 0.0427, 0.0311, and 0.0412, respectively). Conclusion These data suggest that the endogenous urocortin peptides contribute to the suppression of vascular tone and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone/endothelin activation in HF and thus, play a protective compensatory role in this disorder.