A No Observable Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) for pigs fed melamine and cyanuric acid

被引：29

作者：

Stine, Cynthia B. ^{[1
]}

Reimschuessel, Renate ^{[1
]}

Gieseker, Charles M. ^{[1
]}

Evans, Eric R. ^{[1
]}

Mayer, Tamara D. ^{[1
]}

Hasbrouck, Nicholas R. ^{[1
]}

Tall, Elizabeth ^{[1
]}

Boehmer, Jamie ^{[1
]}

da Costa, Goncalo Gamboa ^{[2
]}

Ward, Jeffrey L. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA

[2] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA

来源：

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY | 2011年 / 60卷 / 03期

关键词：

Melamine; Cyanuric acid; Pig; NOAEL; Crystals; Kidney; Triazine; Feed; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; KIDNEY; CATS; FOOD; CARCINOGENICITY; TOXICITY; RATS; DOGS; UROLITHIASIS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.05.004

中图分类号：

DF [法律]; D9 [法律]; R [医药、卫生];

学科分类号：

0301 ; 10 ;

摘要：

Ingesting melamine adulterated milk products led to kidney stones in many infants in 2008. This differs from the renal failure caused by intratubular crystal formation after co-ingestion of melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CYA) in adulterated pet foods in 2007. To better understand the potential risk of developing crystal nephropathy following co-ingestion of MEL and CYA, we fed 16 weanling pigs 0, 1, 3.3, 10, 33, or 100 mg/kg bw/day of each MEL and CYA, or 200 mg/kg bw/day of either compound individually for 7 days. Crystals were found in the renal medulla and cortex and urine sediments of all pigs fed both MEL and CYA each at 10 mg/kg bw/day (or greater). Crystals were also found in one of the two pigs fed 200 mg/kg bw/day MEL-only. In a 28 day study, 36 weanling pigs were fed 0,1, or 3.3 mg/kg bw/day of MEL and CYA or 200 mg/kg bw/day MEL-only. Only one of the 3.3 mg/kg MEL and CYA pig kidneys contained crystals. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for pigs fed MEL and CYA for 28 days was concluded to be 1.0 mg/kg bw/day corresponding to 25 mg/kg (ppm) MEL and 25 mg/kg (ppm) CYA in dry feed. Published by Elsevier Inc.

引用

页码：363 / 372

页数：10

共 64 条

[1] Simultaneous determination and confirmation of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry [J].