Association between blood pressure and insulin resistance in obese females during weight loss and weight rebound phenomenon

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on blood pressure and its related variables in moderately obese Japanese females, including an investigation of the rebound phenomenon. Study I examined the effects of weight loss on blood pressure in 138 moderately obese, nondiabetic females (BMI 29.3 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2); age, 46.3 +/- 0.8 years) during a 3-month therapeutic dietary and exercise program. Study II investigated the effect of weight rebound on blood pressure over an additional 21 months of exercise in 48 subjects from Study I subjects. After 3 months, the BMI significantly decreased to 27.9 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2). Abdominal total fat, visceral fat (V), and subcutaneous fat (S) also decreased significantly. In addition, the summation of insulin (Sigma IRI), plasma glucose (Sigma PG) and HOMA during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test also all significantly decreased. Significant decreases in both the SBP and DBP were observed after the 3 month weight reduction program. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the reduction in SBP was significantly and positively associated with the reduction in log ZIA] and the reduction in log 24h-urinary norepinephrine excretion at the end of Study I. The DBP showed a significantly positive association with the log Sigma IRI. With regard to the weight rebound phenomenon, Study II showed that the SBP, DBP and Sigma IRI all increased significantly, and a positive correlation was observed between the changes in the SBP and those in the log Sigma IRI. However, no such correlation was observed regarding the abdominal total fat and visceral fat during both periods. These results suggest that weight loss therefore caused the BP to decrease due to both an improvement in hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in the adrenergic activity which may be involved in the urinary catecholamine. As a result, hyperinsulinemia is thus considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of blood pressure due to obesity not only during weight loss, but also during the weight rebound phenomenon.