Experimental study of desalination using direct contact membrane distillation: a new approach to flux enhancement

被引:302
作者
Cath, TY [1 ]
Adams, VD [1 ]
Childress, AE [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nevada, Dept Civil Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA
关键词
membrane distillation; direct contact membrane distillation; temperature polarization; desalination; low temperature evaporation;
D O I
10.1016/j.memsci.2003.09.006
中图分类号
TQ [化学工业];
学科分类号
0817 ;
摘要
New membrane distillation configurations and a new membrane module were investigated to improve water desalination. The performances of three hydrophobic microporous membranes were evaluated under vacuum enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a turbulent flow regime and with a feed water temperature of only 40degreesC. The new configurations provide reduced temperature polarization effects due to better mixing and increased mass transport of water due to higher permeability through the membrane and due to a total pressure gradient across the membrane. Comparison with previously reported results in the literature reveals that mass transport of water vapors is substantially improved with the new approach. The performance of the new configuration was investigated with both NaCl and synthetic sea salt feed solutions. Salt rejection was greater than 99.9% in almost all cases. Salt concentrations in the feed stream had only a minor effect on water flux. The economic aspects of the enhanced DCMD process are briefly discussed and comparisons are made with the reverse osmosis (RO) process for desalination. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:5 / 16
页数:12
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