Effect of organoclay purity and degradation on nanocomposite performance, Part 1: Surfactant degradation

被引:73
作者
Cui, Lili [1 ]
Khramov, Dimitri M. [2 ]
Bielawski, Christopher W. [2 ]
Hunter, D. L. [3 ]
Yoon, P. J. [3 ]
Paul, D. R. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[2] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[3] So Clay Prod, Gonzales, TX 78629 USA
关键词
organoclay degradation; purification; thermogravimetric analysis;
D O I
10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.029
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The alkylammonium surfactants used to form commercial organoclays are known to begin to degrade at temperatures below the typical melt processing temperatures of some polymers. In this study, the thermal stability and degradation of various surfactants and their corresponding organoclays were investigated. Several factors, such as surfactant type and excess surfactant in the organoclay, that affect the thermal stability of surfactants on organoclays are explored. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the decomposition products. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used as the primary method to characterize the thermal stability of these surfactants and organoclays; the neat surfactants lose mass more rapidly, at a given temperature, than the corresponding organoclay. Washing the organoclay with methanol proved to be an effective way to remove the excess surfactant from the clay galleries. Such purification generally improves the thermal stability of the as-received organoclays. Depending on the availability of residual halide anions in the organoclay, the organoclays decompose via either S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution or Hoffmann elimination pathways. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:3751 / 3761
页数:11
相关论文
共 36 条
[1]  
Anslyn E. V., 2006, MODERN PHYS ORGANIC
[2]   Thermal degradation studies of alkyl-imidazolium salts and their application in nanocomposites [J].
Awad, WH ;
Gilman, JW ;
Nyden, M ;
Harris, RH ;
Sutto, TE ;
Callahan, J ;
Trulove, PC ;
DeLong, HC ;
Fox, DM .
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA, 2004, 409 (01) :3-11
[3]   Modeling the barrier properties of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites [J].
Bharadwaj, RK .
MACROMOLECULES, 2001, 34 (26) :9189-9192
[4]  
Bourbigot S, 2000, FIRE MATER, V24, P201, DOI 10.1002/1099-1018(200007/08)24:4<201::AID-FAM739>3.0.CO
[5]  
2-D
[6]   Thermal degradation of commercially available organoclays studied by TGA-FTIR [J].
Cervantes-Uc, Jose M. ;
Cauich-Rodriguez, Juan V. ;
Vazquez-Torres, Humberto ;
Garfias-Mesias, Luis F. ;
Paul, Donald R. .
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA, 2007, 457 (1-2) :92-102
[7]   Effect of organoclay purity and degradation on nanocomposite performance, Part 2: Morphology and properties of nanocomposites [J].
Cui, Lili ;
Hunter, D. L. ;
Ybon, P. J. ;
Paul, D. R. .
POLYMER, 2008, 49 (17) :3762-3769
[8]   Morphology and properties of nanocomposites formed from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and organoclays [J].
Cui, Lili ;
Ma, Xiaoyan ;
Paul, D. R. .
POLYMER, 2007, 48 (21) :6325-6339
[9]   Evaluation of amine functionalized polypropylenes as compatibilizers for polypropylene nanocomposites [J].
Cui, Lili ;
Paul, D. R. .
POLYMER, 2007, 48 (06) :1632-1640
[10]   Effects of melt-processing conditions on the quality of poly(ethylene terephthalate) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites [J].
Davis, CH ;
Mathias, LJ ;
Gilman, JW ;
Schiraldi, DA ;
Shields, JR ;
Trulove, P ;
Sutto, TE ;
Delong, HC .
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS, 2002, 40 (23) :2661-2666