Periodontal infection as a possible severity factor for rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: Clinical effects of periodontal treatment on biochemical and clinical markers of disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with periodontal disease were evaluated. Methods: Forty-two patients were assigned to two groups, G1 (n = 16) and G2 (n = 26). G I patients were submitted to oral hygiene instruction and professional tooth cleaning and G2 patients additionally had full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Clinical periodontal measurements were obtained at baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment. A Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to evaluate their performance on daily living. Rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and drug therapy were assessed. Results: Both groups presented a full-mouth improvement in all periodontal clinical parameters (p<0.05), with the exception of clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) > 6 mm for G1. G2 showed greater mean reductions on PPD > 4 mm than G1 (p < 0.001). HAQ analyses showed a reduction on the degree of disability of G2, but not statistically significant. ESR was significantly reduced for G2 after SRP although RF did not show statistical reductions, Conclusion: The data suggest that periodontal treatment with SRP might have an effect on the ESR reduction.