Upper limits from HESS active galactic nuclei observations in 2005-2007

被引:31
作者
Aharonian, F. [1 ,13 ]
Akhperjanian, A. G. [2 ]
de Almeida, U. Barres [8 ]
Bazer-Bachi, A. R. [3 ]
Behera, B. [14 ]
Beilicke, M. [4 ]
Benbow, W. [1 ]
Bernloehr, K. [1 ,5 ]
Boisson, C. [6 ]
Bolz, O. [1 ]
Borrel, V. [3 ]
Braun, I. [1 ]
Brion, E. [7 ]
Brown, A. M. [8 ]
Buehler, R. [1 ]
Bulik, T. [24 ]
Buesching, I. [9 ]
Boutelier, T. [17 ]
Carrigan, S. [1 ]
Chadwick, P. M. [8 ]
Chounet, L. -M. [10 ]
Clapson, A. C. [1 ]
Coignet, G. [11 ]
Cornils, R. [4 ]
Costamante, L. [1 ,28 ]
Dalton, M. [5 ]
Degrange, B. [10 ]
Dickinson, H. J. [8 ]
Djannati-Ataie, A. [12 ]
Domainko, W. [1 ]
Drury, L. O'C. [13 ]
Dubois, F. [11 ]
Dubus, G. [17 ]
Dyks, J. [24 ]
Egberts, K. [1 ]
Emmanoulopoulos, D. [14 ]
Espigat, P. [12 ]
Farnier, C. [15 ]
Feinstein, F. [15 ]
Fiasson, A. [15 ]
Foerster, A. [1 ]
Fontaine, G. [10 ]
Funk, S. [5 ]
Fuessling, M. [5 ]
Gallant, Y. A. [15 ]
Giebels, B. [10 ]
Glicenstein, J. F. [7 ]
Glueck, B. [16 ]
Goret, P. [7 ]
Hadjichristidis, C. [8 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
[2] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
[3] UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, F-31029 Toulouse, France
[4] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
[5] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
[6] Univ Paris 07, Observ Paris, LUTH0, F-92190 Meudon, France
[7] CEA, DAPNIA, DSM, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[8] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[9] NW Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[10] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[11] IN2PS, CNRS, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France
[12] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, CEA,APC, Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris, France
[13] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
[14] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[15] Univ Montpellier 2, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules,CC 70, F-34095 Montpellier, France
[16] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
[17] Univ Grenoble 1, INSU, CNRS, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble, France
[18] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany
[19] Univ Paris 06, IN2P3, CNRS, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France
[20] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic
[21] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 6, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
[22] Unim Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
[23] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Krakow, Poland
[24] Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland
[25] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England
[26] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
[27] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, Torun, Poland
[28] CNRS & MPG, European Assoc Lab Gamma Ray Astron, Paris, France
基金
英国科学技术设施理事会;
关键词
galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361:20078604
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Aims. Very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray studies were performed for 18 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from a variety of AGN classes. Methods. VHE observations of a sample of 14 AGN, considered candidate VHE emitters, were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) between January 2005 and July 2007. Large-zenith-angle observations of three northern AGN (Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1218+304), known to emit VHE gamma-rays, were also performed in order to sample their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) above 1 TeV. In addition, the VHE flux from 1ES 1101-232, previously detected by HESS in 2004-2005, was monitored during 2006 and 2007. Results. As significant detections from the HESS observation program are reported elsewhere, the results reported here are primarily integral flux upper limits. The average exposure for each of the 14 VHE-candidate AGN is similar to 7 h live time, and the observations have an average energy threshold between 230 GeV and 590 GeV. Upper limits for these 14 AGN range from < 0.9% to < 4.9% of the Crab Nebula flux, and eight of these are the most constraining ever reported for the object. The brief (< 2.2 h each) large-zenith-angle observations yield upper limits for Mkn 501 (< 20% Crab above 2.5 TeV) and 1ES 1218+304 (< 17% Crab above 1.0 TeV), and a marginal detection (3.5 sigma) of Mkn 421 (50% Crab above 2.1 TeV). 1ES 1101-232 was marginally detected (3.6 sigma, 1.7% Crab above 260 GeV) during the 2006 (13.7 h live time) observations, but not in the 2007 (4.6 h live time) data. The upper limit in 2007 (< 1.9% Crab above 260 GeV) is below the average flux measured by HESS from 2004-2006.
引用
收藏
页码:387 / 393
页数:7
相关论文
共 44 条
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    Aharonian, F.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    de Almeida, U. Barres
    Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
    Behera, B.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolz, O.
    Borrel, V.
    Braun, I.
    Brion, E.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buehler, R.
    Bulik, T.
    Buesching, I.
    Boutelier, T.
    Carrigan, S.
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Chounet, L. -M.
    Clapson, A. C.
    Coignet, G.
    Cornils, R.
    Costamante, L.
    Dalton, M.
    Degrange, B.
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
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    Dubois, F.
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    Farnier, C.
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    Fiasson, A.
    Foerster, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Funk, Seb.
    Fuessling, M.
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    Buesching, I.
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    Chadwick, P. M.
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    Costamante, L.
    Degrange, B.
    Dickinson, H. J.
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    Hermann, G
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    Bernlöhr, K
    Boisson, C
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    Gallant, YA
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    Gillessen, S
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    Goret, P
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    Hermann, G
    Hinton, JA
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    Holleran, M
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    Braun, I
    Breitling, F
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    Gordo, JB
    Chadwick, PM
    Chounet, LM
    Cornils, R
    Costamante, L
    Degrange, B
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    Dubus, G
    Emmanoulopoulos, D
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    Fontaine, G
    Fuchs, Y
    Funk, S
    Gallant, YA
    Giebels, B
    Gillessen, S
    Glicenstein, JF
    Goret, P
    Hadjichristidis, C
    Hauser, M
    Heinzelmann, G
    Henri, G
    Hermann, G
    Hinton, JA
    Hofmann, W
    Holleran, M
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