Evolution of Vehicle Exhaust Particles in the Atmosphere

被引：57

作者：

Canagaratna, Manjula R. ^{[1
]}

Onasch, Timothy B.

Wood, Ezra C.

Herndon, Scott C.

Jayne, John T.

Cross, Eben S.

Miake-Lye, Richard C. ^{[2
,3
]}

Kolb, Charles E.

Worsnop, Douglas R. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01983 USA

[2] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01983 USA

[3] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerothermodynam, Billerica, MA 01983 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION | 2010年 / 60卷 / 10期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; NUMBER EMISSION FACTORS; ON-ROAD MEASUREMENT; DIESEL EXHAUST; FINE-PARTICLE; BLACK CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS;

D O I：

10.3155/1047-3289.60.10.1192

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements are used to characterize the evolution of exhaust particulate matter (PM) properties near and downwind of vehicle sources. The AMS provides time-resolved chemically speciated mass loadings and mass-weighted size distributions of nonrefractory PM smaller than 1 mu m (NRPM1). Source measurements of aircraft PM show that black carbon particles inhibit nucleation by serving as condensation sinks for the volatile and semi-volatile exhaust gases. Real-world source measurements of ground vehicle PM are obtained by deploying an AMS aboard a mobile laboratory. Characteristic features of the exhaust PM chemical composition and size distribution are discussed. PM mass and number concentrations are used with above-background gas-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations to calculate on-road emission factors for individual vehicles. Highly variable ratios between particle number and mass concentrations are observed for individual vehicles. NRPM1 mass emission factors measured for on-road diesel vehicles are approximately 50% lower than those from dynamometer studies. Factor analysis of AMS data (FA-AMS) is applied for the first time to map variations in exhaust PM mass downwind of a highway. In this study, above-background vehicle PM concentrations are highest close to the highway and decrease by a factor of 2 by 200 m away from the highway. Comparison with the gas-phase CO, concentrations indicates that these vehicle PM mass gradients are largely driven by dilution. Secondary aerosol species do not show a similar gradient in absolute mass concentrations; thus, their relative contribution to total ambient PM mass concentrations increases as a function of distance from the highway. FA-AMS of single particle and ensemble data at an urban receptor site shows that condensation of these secondary aerosol species onto vehicle exhaust particles results in spatial and temporal evolution of the size and composition of vehicle exhaust PM on urban and regional scales.

引用

页码：1192 / 1203

页数：12

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