Three-mode models and individual differences in semantic differential data

This article investigates how individual differences in semantic differential data can be modeled and assessed using three-mode models. Individual differences are important because their existence may affect the generality of conclusions based on such data. An overview is given how individual differences arise and how they can be handled in the analysis. The results of the investigation will be illustrated with semantic differential data on the characterization of Chopin's Preludes by a group of Japanese university students.