VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mediate leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in rat experimental colitis

Background & Aims: The molecular mechanisms responsible for leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to measure expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and to determine their role in leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis. Methods: Rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and control rats were studied 1, 7, or 21 days after treatment. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions were measured by the double radiolabeled antibody technique. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were determined in colonic venules by fluorescence intravital microscopy, Therapeutic effects of treatment with anti-VCAM-1 antibodies were also assessed. Results: Colonic endothelial ICAM-1 was constitutively expressed and did not increase in colitic animals. In contrast, constitutive expression of VCAM-1 was low but markedly increased (6-fold) 1 and 7 days after induction of colitis. Increased colonic expression of VCAM-1 paralleled macroscopic damage score, myeloperoxidase activity, and increased leukocyte adhesion in colonic venules, The latter was significantly decreased by immunoneutralization of ICAM-1 and completely abrogated by immunoneutralization of VCAM-1. Long-term administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody resulted in significant attenuation of colitis. Conclusions: Induction of colitis in rats by TNBS is followed by up-regulation of endothelial VCAM-1, VCAM-1 and constitutive ICAM-1 are major determinants of leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed intestine.