Circulating CD34(+) cell populations characterized by a low rate (up to live) or high rate (more than five) of cell divisions were isolated from 8d cultures in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO), Flt3 ligand and Peg-rHu megakaryocyte growth and development factor (Peg-rHuMGDF) using the fluorescent dye 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) and now cytometric cell sorting, Phenotypic characterization of cells which had experienced up to five divisions (CFDA-SEbright) showed a similar surface antigen expression to starting, freshly isolated CD34(+) cells, Conversely, cells which experienced more than five divisions (CFDA-SEdim) showed a differentiating behaviour, downregulating CD34 antigen and acquiring differentiation markers. CFDA-SEbright cells were significantly enriched in CD105 (endoglin) positive precursors as compared to both freshly isolated CD34(+) and CFDA-SEdim cells, Functional analysis indicated that CFDA-SEbright had a 3-fold and 10-fold greater cumulative cloning efficiency as compared to freshly isolated CD34(+) cells and CFDA-SEdim cells, respectively. CFDA-SEbright cells retained the vast majority of LTC-IC and showed a LTC-IC frequency 2.8-fold higher than that found in freshly isolated CD34(+) cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed significantly higher bcl-2 RNA and protein levels in CFDA-SEbright cells as compared to freshly isolated CD34(+) and CFDA-SEdim cells. This study indicates that cytokine low-responding circulating CD34(+) cells (CFDA-SEbright cells) represent a functionally, phenotypically and molecularly distinct multipotent progenitor population with biological properties associated with primitive precursors.