Influence of surface roughness on contact angle hysteresis and spreading work

Surface roughness is an important factor that affects dynamic wetting behavior, which can improve the surface hydrophobicity, so it is of great significance to obtain a better understanding of roughness effect from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In this paper, we studied the influence of macro-size surface roughness on contact angle hysteresis and spreading work and analyzed the relationship between contact angle hysteresis and spreading work. Results showed that as the surface roughness increased, both the advancing contact angle and the receding contact angle continued to increase until their maximum values were reached, and then started to decrease within the range of surface roughness studied, while the contact angle hysteresis presented the opposite trend. In addition, with the increase of surface roughness the spreading work initially increased to a certain maximum value, then continuously decreased to the minimum value, and then began to increase within the range of the surface roughness studied. These trends could be attributed to the surface wetting state (Wenzel state, Cassie state, and transition state) changing with the change of surface roughness. These findings can provide guidance for the preparation of wetted surfaces with specific functions, especially when it is required to change the wettability without changing the surface chemical properties.