The use of magnetic resonance images to investigate the influence of recruitment on the relationship between torque and cross-sectional area in human muscle

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of recruitment on the relationship between peak torque and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) in human muscle. A group of 11 healthy men participated in this study. Isokinetic knee extension torques at seven (0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 degrees (.)s(-1)) velocities were determined. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to calculate PCSA of right quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle. Exercise-induced contrast shifts in spin-spin relaxation time (T2)-weighted MRI were taken at rest and immediately after repetitive knee-extension exercise and T2 of QF were calculated. The MRI pixels with T2 values more than 1 SD greater than the means at rest were considered to represent QF muscle that had contracted. The area of activated PCSA within the total in QF was expressed as percentage activated PCSA and used as an index of muscle recruitment. The PCSA correlated with peak torque at 0 degrees (.)s(-1) (r = 0.615, P < 0.05); in contrast, activated PCSA correlated with peak torque at 120<degrees>(.)s(-1) (r = 0.603, P < 0.05) and 180<degrees>(.)s(-1) (r = 0.606, P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in correlation coefficients between the activated PCSA-peak torque relationship and the PCSA-torque relationship (P < 0.05). These results suggested that muscle recruitment affects the PCSA-torque relationship.