Epidemiologic study of environmental sources in a Prototheca zopfii outbreak of bovine mastitis

Bovine mastitis represents the main form of occurrence of protothecosis in animals. The detection of mastitis caused by Prototheca sp. indicates a serious problem which can affect an entire herd. The purpose df this study is to explain some aspects of the epidemiology of mastitis due to Prototheca zopfii with the evaluation of the presence of these microorganisms in samples collected from potential sources in the dairy herd. This study was performed during a Prototheca zopfii outbreak of clinical bovine mastitis in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The following samples were aseptically collected for microbiological examination: milk (n = 211); rectal swabs (from 15 calves and 2 lactating cows); swabs from teat cup rubbers during milking (n = 2); water (n = 6); soil (n = 6). Prototheca zopfii was isolated from 77 (36.49%) of the 211 milk samples; 11 calves and 2 cows showed Prototheca zopfii in faecal samples; both swabs collected from the teat cup rubbers showed viable forms of Prototheca zopfii; this microorganism was also isolated from 2 water samples, and 1 soil sample collected from the dry cow pasture. Prototheca zopfii seemed to be widespread throughout the dairy herd environment where this outbreak of bovine mastitis occurred.