Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast)

Two related and not thoroughly resolved issues in biochemistry concern the role, if any, of enzyme surfaces in routine metabolism and the method by which metabolic intermediates move between enzyme active sites during multi-step degradation or synthesis. An important enzyme for which a detailed three-dimensional structural analysis has been initiated is yeast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (yGAP-DH). This enzyme is active as a tetramer of total molecular weight of 145 kDa and requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as cofactor. In this report, the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic characterization of several crystal forms of yGAP-DH are described. Of the five distinct crystal forms, the most suitable was found to contain the holo-enzyme, and the crystals were grown by the vapor-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 6000 as precipitant, sodium acetate as buffer (pH 4.6), and NAD(+) and dithiothreitol as additives. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2, with cell dimensions of a = 87.33, b = 96.11 and c - 115.34 A. These crystals are mechanically strong, relatively stable in the X-ray beam and diffract X-rays (from a normal rotating-anode radiation source) to better than 2 Angstrom resolution. A full 2.1 Angstrom resolution diffraction data set (98% completion) has been measured. The three-dimensional structures of related GAP-DH enzymes from several other sources have been determined and reported, and are available for a molecular replacement structure solution.