Aspirin non-responder status in patients with recurrent cerebral ischemic attacks

Background Antiplatelet agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) reduce the relative risk for cerebrovascular events in patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders by approximately 23%. Recent observations raise the possibility that aspirin resistance may contribute to the failure of aspirin treatment in a significant proportion of patients (aspirin non-responders). To evaluate the clinical relevance of aspirin non-responder status, we analysed platelet functions in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients treated with aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Methods A total of 53 patients on 100 mg aspirin daily for secondary prevention (mean treatment duration > 60 months) were included. Patients were categorized as asymptomatic if they were free of cerebrovascular incidents for at least 24 months (n = 18). Symptomatic patients had suffered ischemic strokes or transient ischemic attacks within the previous 3 days (n = 35). Platelet function was assessed using the PFA-100 system that allows for quantitative assessment of platelet function, reporting platelet aggregatability as the time required to close a small aperture in a biologically active membrane. Results Collagen/epinephrine closure times were significantly shorter in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (p < 0.01). Individual closing times were normal in 12 of 35 symptomatic patients (34% non-responders) whereas all asymptomatic patients had prolonged closure times. Conclusions Aspirin non-responder status may contribute to failure of aspirin therapy in the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular incidents in as much as 30-40% of patients. Quantitative assessment of platelet functions may provide a means to predict aspirin treatment failure in individual patients and to re-direct therapeutic strategies.